Evaporative emission control system including a fuel tank isolation valve and a canister vent valve

ABSTRACT

A system and method for controlling evaporative emissions of a volatile fuel. The system preferably has a fuel vapor collection canister, a purge valve, an isolation valve, a fuel tank, and a vent valve. The fuel vapor collection canister includes a supply port and a discharge port. The purge valve includes an inlet port and an outlet port. The inlet port of the purge valve is in fluid communication with the discharge port of the fuel vapor collection canister. The isolation valve includes a housing, a valve body, and a seal. The housing has a first port in fluid communication with the supply port of the fuel vapor collection canister, a second port, and a fuel vapor flow path that extends between the first and second ports. The valve body is movable with respect to the housing along an axis between a first configuration and a second configuration. The first configuration permits substantially unrestricted fuel vapor flow between the first and second ports, and the second configuration substantially prevents fuel vapor flow between the first and second ports. The seal, which is located at an interface between the housing and the valve body, includes an annular lip that projects obliquely toward the axis in the first configuration. The fuel tank is in fluid communication with the second port of the isolation valve. Thus, the fuel tank can be isolated from the fuel vapor collection canister while purging the fuel vapor collection canister. The vent valve controls ambient fluid flow with respect to the fuel vapor collection canister

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to a system and method forcontrolling evaporative emissions of a volatile fuel such that a fueltank can be isolated from a fuel vapor collection canister while purgingthe fuel vapor collection canister.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] It is believed that prior to legislation requiring vehicles tostore hydrocarbon vapors that are generated when refueling a vehicle, asimple orifice structure was used to maintain a positive pressure in afuel tank to retard vapor generation. It is believed that such orificestructures could no longer be used with the advent of requirementscontrolling onboard refueling. It is believed that, on some vehicles,the orifice structure was simply deleted, and on other vehicles, theorifice structure was replaced with a diaphragm-actuated pressure reliefvalve. It is believed that these diaphragm-actuated valves suffer from anumber of disadvantages including that the calibration (i.e., pressureblow-off level) changes with temperature and age.

[0003] It is believed that it is necessary on some vehicles to maintainan elevated pressure in the fuel tank to suppress the rate of fuel vaporgeneration and to minimize hydrocarbon emissions to the atmosphere. Itis believed that under hot ambient temperature conditions or when thefuel is agitated, e.g., when a vehicle is operated on a bumpy road, theamount of fuel vapor generated can exceed the amount of fuel vapor thatcan be purged by the engine. It is believed that a carbon canister canbecome hydrocarbon saturated if these conditions occur and aremaintained for an extended period. It is believed that such ahydrocarbon saturated carbon canister is unable to absorb the additionalfuel vapors that occur during vehicle refueling, and that hydrocarbonvapors are released into the atmosphere. A legislated standard has beenset for the permissible level of free hydrocarbons that may be released.A so-called “shed test” is used to measure the emission of the freehydrocarbons for determining compliance with the legislated standard.

[0004] It is believed that there is needed to provide a valve thatovercomes the drawbacks of orifice structures and diaphragm-actuatedpressure relief valves.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention provides a system for controllingevaporative emissions of a volatile fuel. The system includes a fuelvapor collection canister, a purge valve, an isolation valve, a fueltank, and a vent valve. The fuel vapor collection canister includes asupply port and a discharge port. The purge valve includes an inlet portand an outlet port. The inlet port of the purge valve is in fluidcommunication with the discharge port of the fuel vapor collectioncanister. The isolation valve includes a housing, a valve body, and aseal. The housing has a first port in fluid communication with thesupply port of the fuel vapor collection canister, a second port, and afuel vapor flow path that extends between the first and second ports.The valve body is movable with respect to the housing along an axisbetween a first configuration and a second configuration. The firstconfiguration permits substantially unrestricted fuel vapor flow betweenthe first and second ports, and the second configuration substantiallyprevents fuel vapor flow between the first and second ports. The seal,which is located at an interface between the housing and the valve body,includes an annular lip that projects obliquely toward the axis in thefirst configuration. The fuel tank is in fluid communication with thesecond port of the isolation valve. The vent valve controls ambientfluid flow with respect to the fuel vapor collection canister.

[0006] The present invention also provides a system for controllingevaporative emissions of a volatile fuel. The system includes a fuelvapor collection canister, a purge valve, a fuel tank, means forisolating the fuel tank from the purge valve, and a vent valve. The fuelvapor collection canister includes a supply port and a discharge port.And the purge valve includes an inlet port and an outlet port. The inletport of the purge valve is in fluid communication with the dischargeport of the fuel vapor collection canister. The vent valve controlsambient fluid flow with respect to the fuel vapor collection canister.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for controllingevaporative emissions of a volatile fuel. The volatile fuel is stored ina fuel tank and is combusted in an internal combustion engine. Themethod includes accumulating fuel vapor in a fuel vapor collectioncanister; providing an isolation valve in a first conduit, providing apurge valve in a second conduit, providing a vent valve that controlsambient fluid flow with respect to the fuel vapor collection canister,and isolating the fuel tank from the fuel vapor collection canisterwhile purging the fuel vapor collection canister. The first conduitprovides fuel vapor communication between the fuel tank and the fuelvapor collection canister. The second conduit provides fuel vaporcommunication between the fuel vapor collection canister and theinternal combustion engine. The isolating includes the isolation valvesubstantially preventing fuel vapor flow through the first conduit andthe vent valve permitting ambient fluid flow in to the fuel vaporcollection canister. And the purging includes the purge valve permittinggenerally unrestricted fuel vapor flow through the second conduit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The accompanying drawing, which is incorporated herein andconstitutes part of this specification, illustrates an embodiment of theinvention, and, together with the general description given above andthe detailed description given below, serves to explain the features ofthe invention.

[0009]FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an evaporative emissioncontrol system including a fuel tank isolation valve.

[0010]FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of an evaporative emissioncontrol system including a canister vent valve.

[0011]FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a dual-stage fuel tank isolationvalve.

[0012]FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a single-stage fuel tank isolationvalve.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0013] Referring initially to FIG. 1, an evaporative emission controlsystem 10, e.g., for a motor vehicle, includes a fuel vapor collectioncanister 12, e.g., a carbon or charcoal canister, and a canister purgesolenoid valve 14 connected in series between a fuel tank 16 and anintake manifold 18 of an internal combustion engine 20. An enginecontrol management computer 22 supplies a purge valve control signal foroperating canister purge solenoid valve 14.

[0014] Canister purge solenoid valve 14 preferably includes a housing 24having an inlet port 26 and an outlet port 30. The inlet port 26 is influid communication, via a conduit 28, with a purge port 12 p of thefuel vapor collection canister 12. The outlet port 30 is in fluidcommunication, via a conduit 32, with intake manifold 18. An operatingmechanism is disposed within the housing 24 for opening and closing aninternal passage that provides fluid communication between the inletport 26 and the outlet port 30. The mechanism includes a spring thatbiases a valve element to a normally closed arrangement, i.e., so as toocclude the internal passage between the inlet port 26 and the outletport 30. When the operating mechanism, e.g., a solenoid, is energized bya purge valve control signal from the engine control management computer22, an armature opposes the spring to open the internal passage so thatflow can occur between the inlet port 26 and the outlet port 30.

[0015] The canister purge solenoid valve 14 can be used to purge freehydrocarbons that have been collected in the fuel vapor collectioncanister 12. The free hydrocarbons that are purged from the fuel vaporcollection canister 12 are combusted by the internal combustion engine20.

[0016] A fuel tank isolation valve 110 is connected in series between avapor dome or headspace, i.e., the gaseous portion within the fuel tank16, and a valve port 12 v of the fuel vapor collection canister 12.

[0017] A vapor dome pressure level that is preferably at least 1″ waterabove atmospheric pressure, to approximately 15″ water above atmosphericpressure, has been determined to suppress fuel vapor generation in thefuel tank 16. A fuel tank pressure sensor (not shown) can be used todetect pressures in excess of this determined level. When excesspressure is detected, the fuel tank isolation valve 110 is supplied anelectrical signal from the engine control management computer 22 thatresults in the fuel tank isolation valve 110 opening to decreasepressure to or slightly below the determined level.

[0018] Referring now to FIG. 1A, an otherwise similar evaporativeemission control system 10′ can also include a canister vent valve 34that is in fuel vapor communication between an ambient port 12 a ofcanister 12 and the ambient environment. A filter 34 a can be interposedbetween the canister vent valve 34 and the ambient environment. Thecanister vent valve 34 is normally open, i.e., so as to permitunrestricted fluid communication with the ambient environment, until theengine control management computer 22 supplies a canister vent valvecontrol signal that closes the canister vent valve 34. Preferably, thecanister vent valve 34 is normally open to facilitate charging anddischarging of the canister 12, and can be closed to facilitate leaktesting of the evaporative emission control system 10′.

[0019] Referring additionally to FIG. 2, a first preferred embodiment ofthe fuel tank isolation valve 110 includes a housing 120, a valveassembly 130,140, and a seal 150. The housing can include a body 122 anda cover 124. The body 122 and the cover 124 can be made of any materialthat is suitable for contacting and containing fuel and/or fuel vaporand for housing an actuator 160. The body 122 and the cover 124 can bemade of different materials or the same material, as long as thematerial is suitable for its intended purpose. The body 122 and thecover 124 can be a homogenous whole or separate components coupledtogether. Preferably, the body 122 and the cover 124 are separatecomponents coupled together by at interlocking flange assembly 126.Alternative coupling techniques can be substituted for the interlockingflange assembly 126. A rubber O-ring 128 can provide a fluid-tight sealbetween the body 122 and the cover 124. Alternative sealing means, e.g.,a gasket, can be substituted for the O-ring 128. Preferably, the housing120 is constructed as described above; however, the housing 120 canalternatively be constructed as two separate halves divided along acentral longitudinal axis A.

[0020] The body 122 includes an inlet port 122 t for ingress of fuelvapor from an evaporative emission space of the fuel tank 16 and anoutlet port 122 c for egress of fuel vapor to the fuel vapor collectioncanister 12. Fluid communication between the inlet port 122 t, which isat an inlet pressure level, and the outlet port 122 c, which is at anoutlet pressure level, can be along a first fluid communication path 123a. Typically, the inlet pressure level is greater than ambient pressure,while the outlet pressure level is less than ambient pressure. The valveassembly 130,140 controls fluid flow along the first fluid communicationpath 123 a. As used herein, the term “fluid” can refer to a gaseousphase, a liquid phase, or a mixture of the gaseous and liquid phases.The term “fluid” preferably refers to the gaseous phase of a volatileliquid fuel, e.g., a fuel vapor.

[0021] The valve assembly 130,140 is movable along the axis A withrespect to the housing 120 between an open position, a closed position,and an intermediate position. The intermediate position is between theopen and closed positions. As shown in FIG. 2, the open position permitssubstantially unrestricted fluid flow between the inlet and outlet ports122 t,122 c. The closed position (not shown) substantially blocks fluidflow between the inlet and outlet ports 122 t,122 c.

[0022] The open position, as shown in FIG. 2, permits substantiallyunrestricted fluid flow from the inlet port 122 t to the outlet port 122c. In the open position, the valve assembly 130,140 is spaced from thebody 122 such that fluid communication is permitted along the firstfluid communication path 123 a through a gap between the valve assembly130,140 and a sealing surface 122 s of the body 122.

[0023] The closed position (not shown) substantially prevents fluid flowfrom the inlet port 122 t to the outlet port 122 c, and thereforeisolates the fuel tank 16 from fluid communication with the rest of theevaporative emission control system 10. In the closed position (notshown), the seal 150 engages the sealing surface 122 s of the body 122such that the fluid communication along the first fluid communicationpath 123 a is prevented. Moreover, fluid communication along a secondfluid communication path 123 b is prevented by a non-perforated valveelement 140 of the valve assembly 130,140 occluding a perforated valveelement 130 of the valve assembly 130,140. Preferably, the seal 150sealingly engages the perforated and non-perforated valve elements130,140 to prevent fluid communication through a gap between theperforated and non-perforated valve elements 130,140.

[0024] The non-perforated valve element 140 is fixed at an intermediatelocation of a shaft 142 that is displaced along the axis A by theactuator 160. A flange 144 at the end of the shaft 142 constrainsrelative movement of the perforated valve element 130 along the shaft142. The perforated valve element 130 is slidable on the shaft 142 andbiased toward the flange 144. Preferably, a coil spring 135, which canbe centered around the axis A, extends between the perforated andnon-perforated valve elements 130,140 to bias the perforated valveelement 130 toward the flange 144.

[0025] To achieve the closed position, the valve assembly 130,140 isdisplaced by the actuator 160 along the axis A toward the sealingsurface 122 s of the body 122. Initially the perforated andnon-perforated valve elements 130,140 are displaced concurrently untilthe seal 150 on the perforated valve element 130 contacts the sealingsurface 122 s. Continued movement of the non-perforated valve element140, the shaft 142, and the flange 144 compresses the coil spring 135until the seal 150 on the perforated valve element 130 is contacted bythe non-perforated valve element 140.

[0026] In the closed position, a rapid increase in fuel tank pressure,e.g., as a result of an impact that compresses the fuel tank 16, thevalve assembly 130,140 provides a “blow-off” feature that permits fluidflow from the inlet port 122 t to the outlet port 122 c. This “blow-off”feature is activated when the inlet pressure at the inlet port 122 texceeds the actuating force of the actuator 160 acting on the valveassembly 130,140. When this occurs, the valve assembly 130,140 isdisplaced from the body 122 such that fluid communication is permittedthrough the gap between the valve assembly 130,140 and the sealingsurface 122 s.

[0027] The intermediate position (not shown) provides restricted fluidflow along the second fluid communication path 123 b from the inlet port122 t to the outlet port 122 c. In particular, the perforated valveelement 130 includes at least one orifice 132 that is located radiallyinward of the seal 150. The total transverse cross-sectional area of theat least one orifice 132 is selected to permit fluid flow along thesecond fluid communication path 123 b that is restricted relative to thefirst fluid communication path 123 a.

[0028] To achieve the intermediate position, the valve assembly 130,140is displaced by the actuator 160 only until the seal 150 on theperforated valve element 130 contacts the sealing surface 122 s. Fluidflow along the first fluid communication path 123 a is prevented andfluid flow along the second fluid communication path 123 b is permitted.Thus, the only fluid flow between the inlet and outlet ports 122 t,122 cmust pass through the at least one orifice 132, and through the gapbetween the perforated valve element 130 and the non-perforated valveelement 140.

[0029] The seal 150 is located at an interface between the body 122 andthe valve assembly 130,140. The seal 150 includes an annular extension152 that projects obliquely with respect to the axis A in the openposition. The annular extension 152 is preferably shaped as a hollowfrustum. As shown, the annular extension 152 can include a transversedimension that is generally constant with respect to the projection ofthe annular extension 152. The annular extension 152 can alternativelyinclude a transverse dimension that tapers (not shown) with respect tothe projection of the annular extension 152. In the case of the hollowfrustum, an inner surface 154 of the hollow frustum generally confrontsthe axis A, and an outer surface 156 of the hollow frustum generallyfaces opposite the inner surface 154. The inner surface 154 is in fluidcommunication with the inlet port 122 t when the valve assembly 130,140is at the intermediate position. The outer surface 156 is in fluidcommunication with the outlet port 122 c when the valve assembly 130,140is at the intermediate position. When the inlet pressure is greater thanthe outlet pressure, the seal 150 is self-energizing between theintermediate and closed positions. Preferably, the seal 150 engages thesealing surface 122 s of the body 122 in the closed and intermediatepositions. The seal 150 is preferably molded on the perforated valveelement 130, but can be include multiple pieces affixed to theperforated valve element 130, the non-perforated valve element 140, orthe sealing surface 122 s.

[0030] The actuator 160 can be an electromagnetic, piezoelectric, or anyother type of actuator. Preferably, the actuator 160 is anelectromagnetic solenoid actuator 160 that includes a stator 162 and anarmature 164. The armature 164 is operatively connected to the shaft 142and the stator 162 is fixed with respect to the housing 122, such thatthe armature 164 is displaceable along the axis A with respect to thestator 162. Preferably, at least one of the stator 162 and the cover 124supports a bearing that guides the shaft 142.

[0031] A resilient element 170, preferably a coil spring that can becentered around the axis A, biases the valve assembly 130,140 toward theopen position in opposition to the actuating force of the actuator 160.Thus, the open position is the normal and fail-safe modes of the valve110. Preferably, the resilient element 170 extends between theperforated valve element 130 and an internal wall of the body 112. Theresilient element 170 is selected to have a biasing rate, e.g., springconstant, which is lower than the resilient element 135 such that theactuator 160 compresses the resilient element 170 before the resilientelement 135.

[0032] The actuator 160, which is preferably an electromagneticsolenoid, is operated by a signal supplied by the engine controlmanagement computer 22. This signal can be a constant current driver ora pulse-width-modulated signal. In the case of the pulse-width-modulatedsignal, at an approximately zero percent duty cycle, the fuel tankisolation valve 110 is in the open position, and at an approximately onehundred percent duty cycle, the fuel tank isolation valve 110 is in theclosed position. Thus, when the actuator 160 is not energized, fluidcommunication is permitted along at least the first fluid communicationpath 123 a. This provides the fail-safe mode such that excessive fuelvapor build-up is prevented in the fuel tank 16. Preferably, there is anapproximately fifty percent duty cycle when the fuel tank isolationvalve 110 is in the intermediate position.

[0033] Referring to FIG. 3, a second preferred embodiment of the fueltank isolation valve 110′ will now be described. The fuel tank isolationvalve 110′ includes a housing 120′, a valve 140′, and a seal 150′. Thehousing can include a body 122′ and a cover 124′. The body 122′ and thecover 124′ can be made of any material that is suitable for contactingand containing fuel and/or fuel vapor and for housing an actuator 160′.The body 122′ and the cover 124′ can be made of different materials orthe same material, as long as the material is suitable for its intendedpurpose. The body 122′ and the cover 124′ can be a homogenous whole orseparate components coupled together. Preferably, the body 122′ and thecover 124′ are separate components coupled together by at interlockingflange assembly 126′. Alternative coupling techniques can be substitutedfor the interlocking flange assembly 126′. A rubber O-ring 128′ canprovide a fluid-tight seal between the body 122′ and the cover 124′.Alternative sealing means, e.g., a gasket, can be substituted for theO-ring 128′. Preferably, the housing 120′ is constructed as describedabove; however, the housing 120′ can alternatively be constructed as twoseparate halves divided along a central longitudinal axis A′.

[0034] The body 122′ includes an inlet port 122 t′ for ingress of fuelvapor from an evaporative emission space of the fuel tank 16 and anoutlet port 122 c′ for egress of fuel vapor to the fuel vapor collectioncanister 12. Fluid communication between the inlet port 122 t′, which isat an inlet pressure level, and the outlet port 122 c′, which is at anoutlet pressure level, can be along a fluid communication path 123′.Typically, the inlet pressure level is greater than ambient pressure,while the outlet pressure level is less than ambient pressure. The valve140′ controls fluid flow along the fluid communication path 123′.

[0035] The valve 140′ is movable along the axis A′ with respect to thehousing 120′ between an open position, a closed position, and anintermediate position. The intermediate position is between the open andclosed positions. As shown in FIG. 3, the open position permitssubstantially unrestricted fluid flow between the inlet and outlet ports122 t′,122 c′. The closed position (not shown) substantially blocksfluid flow between the inlet and outlet ports 122 t′,122 c′.

[0036] The open position, as shown in FIG. 3, permits substantiallyunrestricted fluid flow from the inlet port 122 t′ to the outlet port122 c′. In the open position, the valve 140′ is spaced from the body122′ such that fluid communication is permitted along the fluidcommunication path 123′ through a gap between the valve 140′ and asealing surface 122 s' of the body 122′.

[0037] The closed position (not shown) substantially prevents fluid flowfrom the inlet port 122 t′ to the outlet port 122 c′, and thereforeisolates the fuel tank 16 from fluid communication with the rest of theevaporative emission control system 10. In the closed position (notshown), the seal 150′ engages the sealing surface 122 s' of the body112′ such that the fluid communication along the fluid communicationpath 123′ is prevented. The valve 140′ is fixed to a shaft 142′ that isdisplaced along the axis A′ by the actuator 160′.

[0038] To achieve the closed position, the shaft 142′ and the valve 140′are displaced by the actuator 160′ along the axis A′ until the seal 150′on the valve 140′ contacts the sealing surface 122 s′.

[0039] In the closed position, a rapid increase in fuel tank pressure,e.g., as a result of an impact that compresses the fuel tank 16, thevalve 140′ provides a “blow-off” feature that permits fluid flow fromthe inlet port 122 t′ to the outlet port 122 c′. This “blow-off” featureis activated when the inlet pressure at the inlet port 122 t′ exceedsthe actuating force of the actuator 160′ acting on the valve 140′. Whenthis occurs, the valve 140′ is displaced from the body 122′ such thatfluid communication is permitted through the gap between the valve 140′and the sealing surface 122 s′.

[0040] The intermediate position (not shown) provides restricted fluidflow along the fluid communication path 123′ from the inlet port 122 t′to the outlet port 122 c′.

[0041] To achieve the intermediate position, the valve 140′ is displacedby the actuator 160′ only until the seal 150′ on the valve 140′ closelyapproaches or initially contacts the sealing surface 122 s′.

[0042] The seal 150′ is located at an interface between the body 122′and the valve 140′. The seal 150′ includes an annular extension 152′that projects obliquely with respect to the axis A′ in the openposition. The annular extension 152′ is preferably shaped as a hollowfrustum. As shown, the annular extension 152′ can include a transversedimension that is generally constant with respect to the projection ofthe annular extension 152′. The annular extension 152′ can alternativelyinclude a transverse dimension that tapers (not shown) with respect tothe projection of the annular extension 152′. In the case of the hollowfrustum, an inner surface 154′ of the hollow frustum generally confrontsthe axis A′, and an outer surface 156′ of the hollow frustum generallyfaces opposite the inner surface 154′. The inner surface 154′ is influid communication with the inlet port 122 t′ when the valve 140′ is atthe intermediate position. The outer surface 156′ is in fluidcommunication with the outlet port 122 c′ when the valve 140′ is at theintermediate position. When the inlet pressure is greater than theoutlet pressure, the seal 150′ is self-energizing between theintermediate and closed positions. Preferably, the seal 150′ closelyapproaches or initially contacts the sealing surface 122 s' of the body122′ in the closed and intermediate positions. The seal 150′ deforms inresponse to a differential between the first and second pressure levels,such that at the intermediate position, there is a restricted, i.e.,reduced, flow between the first and second ports 120′,122′. Thedeforming of the seal 150′ can include fluttering in response to thedifferential between the inlet and outlet pressure levels. The seal 150′is preferably molded on the valve 140′, but can be include multiplepieces affixed to the valve 140′ or the sealing surface 122 s′.

[0043] The actuator 160′ can be an electromagnetic, piezoelectric, orany other type of actuator. Preferably, the actuator 160′ is anelectromagnetic solenoid actuator 160′ that includes a stator 162′ andan armature 164′. The armature 164′ is operatively connected to theshaft 142′ and the stator 162′ is fixed with respect to the housing122′, such that the armature 164′ is displaceable along the axis A′ withrespect to the stator 162′. Preferably, at least one of the stator 162′and the cover 124′ supports a bearing that guides the shaft 142′.

[0044] A resilient element 170′, preferably a coil spring that can becentered on the axis A′, biases the valve 140′ toward the open positionin opposition to the actuating force of the actuator 160′. Thus, theopen position is the normal and fail-safe modes of the valve 110′.Preferably, the resilient element 170′ extends between the valve 140′and an internal wall of the body 112′.

[0045] The actuator 160′, which is preferably an electromagneticsolenoid, is operated by a signal supplied by the engine controlmanagement computer 22. This signal can be a constant current driver ora pulse-width-modulated signal. In the case of the pulse-width-modulatedsignal, at an approximately zero percent duty cycle, the fuel tankisolation valve 110′ is in the open position, and at an approximatelyone hundred percent duty cycle, the fuel tank isolation valve 110′ is inthe closed position. Thus, when the actuator 160′ is not energized,fluid communication is permitted along the fluid communication path123′. This provides the fail-safe mode such that excessive fuel vaporbuild-up is prevented in the fuel tank 16. Preferably, there is anapproximately fifty percent duty cycle when the fuel tank isolationvalve 110′ is in the intermediate position.

[0046] The fuel tank isolation valves 110 and 110′ provide low flowrestriction during fuel tank re-fueling (i.e., in the open position),fail to an open state (i.e., the open position), and provide restrictedflow during routine vehicle operation to ensure that a sufficient vaporpressure is maintained to suppress additional fuel vapor generation(i.e., the intermediate position). During purging of fuel vaporcollection canister 12 (i.e., the closed position), excess hydrocarbonsstored in the fuel vapor collection canister 12 are purged to theinternal combustion engine 20. Thus, fuel tank isolation valves 110 and110′ isolate the fuel tank 16, thereby preventing purging directly fromthe vapor dome of the fuel tank 16.

[0047] While the present invention has been disclosed with reference tocertain embodiments, numerous modifications, alterations and changes tothe described embodiments are possible without departing from the sphereand scope of the present invention, as defined in the appended claims.Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention not be limited tothe described embodiments, but that it has the full scope defined by thelanguage of the following claims, and equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for controlling evaporative emissions ofa volatile fuel, the system comprising: a fuel vapor collection canisterincluding a supply port and a discharge port; a purge valve including aninlet port and an outlet port, the inlet port of the purge valve beingin fluid communication with the discharge port of the fuel vaporcollection canister; an isolation valve including: a housing having afirst port in fluid communication with the supply port of the fuel vaporcollection canister, a second port, and a fuel vapor flow path extendingbetween the first and second ports; a valve body movable with respect tothe housing, the valve body being movable along an axis between a firstconfiguration and a second configuration, the first configurationpermitting substantially unrestricted fuel vapor flow between the firstand second ports, and the second configuration substantially preventingfuel vapor flow between the first and second ports; and a seal beinglocated at an interface between the housing and the valve body, the sealincluding an annular lip projecting obliquely toward the axis in thefirst configuration; a fuel tank being in fluid communication with thesecond port of the isolation valve; and a vent valve controlling ambientfluid flow with respect to the fuel vapor collection canister.
 2. Thesystem according to claim 1, further comprising: an internal combustionengine having an intake manifold in fluid communication with the outletport of the purge valve.
 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein theinternal combustion engine draws fuel vapor from the fuel vaporcollection canister when the isolation valve is in the secondconfiguration.
 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein fuel vaporflow through the purge valve is prevented when the isolation valve is inthe first configuration.
 5. The system according to claim 1, whereinfuel vapor accumulates in the fuel vapor collection canister when theisolation valve is in the first configuration.
 6. The system accordingto claim 1, wherein fuel vapor flow through the purge valve is permittedwhen the isolation valve is in the second configuration. 7 The systemaccording to claim 6, wherein the canister vent valve is adapted topermit ambient air fluid into the fuel vapor collection canister.
 8. Thesystem according to claim 1, further comprising: a processor inelectrical communication with the purge valve and with the isolationvalve, the processor coordinating operation of the purge and isolationvalves.
 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the valve body ofthe isolation valve is movable to an intermediate configuration betweenthe first and second configurations, the intermediate configurationproviding restricted fuel vapor flow between the first and second ports.10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the valve body comprises: afirst valve element including a second fluid communication passageproviding the restricted fuel vapor flow between the first and secondports; and a second valve element positionable between first and secondarrangements with respect to the first valve element, the firstarrangement of the second valve element being spaced from the firstvalve element in the intermediate configuration of the valve, and thesecond arrangement of the second valve engaging the first valve elementin the second configuration of the valve body.
 11. The system accordingto claim 10, wherein the isolation valve comprises: a first springbiasing the valve body toward the first configuration; and a secondspring biasing the first and second valve members toward the firstarrangement, the second spring having a relatively greater spring ratethan the first spring.
 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein theisolation valve comprises: an electromagnetic solenoid displacing thevalve body against the bias of the first spring.
 13. The systemaccording to claim 9, wherein the isolation valve supplies fuel vaporflow at a first pressure to the fuel vapor collection canister andreceives fuel vapor flow at a second pressure level from the fuel tank,and the seal deforms in response to a differential between the first andsecond pressure levels such that at the intermediate position there isrestricted fluid flow between the first and second ports.
 14. The systemaccording to claim 13, wherein the seal deforming comprises the annularlip fluttering in response to the differential between the first andsecond pressure levels.
 15. The system according to claim 9, wherein theannular lip defines a hollow frustum having an inner surface, an outersurface, and a tip disposed between the inner and outer surfaces, theinner surface being in fuel vapor communication with the second portwhen the tip contacts the housing of the isolation valve, and the outersurface being in fuel vapor communication with the first port when thetip contacts the housing of the isolation valve.
 16. The systemaccording to claim 9, further comprising: a processor supplying anelectrical signal to the isolation valve, the electric signal having: anapproximately zero percent power level when the valve body is in thefirst configuration; an approximately fifty percent power level when thevalve body is in the intermediate position; and an approximately onehundred percent power level when the valve body is in the secondconfiguration.
 17. A system for controlling evaporative emissions of avolatile fuel, the system comprising: a fuel vapor collection canisterincluding a supply port and a discharge port; a purge valve including aninlet port and an outlet port, the inlet port of the purge valve beingin fluid communication with the discharge port of the fuel vaporcollection canister; a fuel tank; means for isolating the fuel tank fromthe purge valve; and a vent valve controlling ambient fluid flow withrespect to the fuel vapor collection canister.
 18. The system accordingto claim 17, wherein the means for isolating comprises a valveincluding: a housing having a first port in fluid communication with thesupply port of the fuel vapor collection canister, a second port, and afuel vapor flow path extending between the first and second ports; avalve body movable with respect to the housing, the valve body beingmovable along an axis between a first configuration and a secondconfiguration, the first configuration permitting substantiallyunrestricted fuel vapor flow between the first and second ports, and thesecond configuration substantially preventing fuel vapor flow betweenthe first and second ports; and a seal being located at an interfacebetween the housing and the valve body.
 19. A method for controllingevaporative emissions of a volatile fuel, the volatile fuel being storedin a fuel tank and combusted in an internal combustion engine, themethod comprising: accumulating fuel vapor in a fuel vapor collectioncanister; providing an isolation valve in a first conduit providing fuelvapor communication between the fuel tank and the fuel vapor collectioncanister; providing a purge valve in a second conduit providing fuelvapor communication between the fuel vapor collection canister and theinternal combustion engine; providing a vent valve controlling ambientfluid flow with respect to the fuel vapor collection canister, andisolating the fuel tank from the fuel vapor collection canister whilepurging the fuel vapor collection canister, the isolating including theisolation valve substantially preventing fuel vapor flow through thefirst conduit and the vent valve permitting ambient fluid flow in to thefuel vapor collection canister, and the purging including the purgevalve permitting generally unrestricted fuel vapor flow through thesecond conduit.
 20. The method according to claim 19, the method furthercomprising: connecting the fuel tank to the fuel vapor collectioncanister during the accumulating, the connecting including the isolationvalve permitting fuel vapor flow through the first conduit; anddisconnecting the fuel vapor collection canister from the internalcombustion engine during the accumulating, the disconnecting includingthe purge valve substantially preventing fuel vapor flow through thesecond conduit.
 21. The method according to claim 20, the connectingcomprising permitting generally unrestricted fuel vapor flow through thefirst conduit to relieve a rapid increase in fuel tank pressure above aset pressure level, and permitting relatively restricted fuel vapor flowthrough the first conduit to generally maintain the fuel tank pressureat the set pressure level.
 22. The method according to claim 21, whereinthe set pressure level is selected from within a range between one andfifteen inches of water above ambient pressure.
 23. The method accordingto claim 22, wherein the set pressure level comprises approximately oneinch of water above ambient pressure.